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Demystifying how EVs, chargers, and the grid talk.

To help you understand and build innovative solutions for electric mobility.

Deep dives you won't find anywhere else.

What ISO 15118-20 Amendment 1 changes for AC vehicle-to-grid

What ISO 15118-20 Amendment 1 changes for AC vehicle-to-grid

An EV that feeds the grid is a generator that needs to follow a rulebook. Amendment 1 is what finally lets an AC-connected one behave like a sanctioned generator the grid operator is willing to pay.

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From 'V2G capable' to dispatchable — the five gates in between

The complete map of what registration, communication, metering, hardware, and aggregation actually require before the UK grid pays your V2G asset.

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From 'V2G capable' to dispatchable — the five gates in between

Inside the UK electricity market's four layers

Most EV professionals see one market. There are actually four, each running at a different speed. Here's how they work — and where your fleet fits.

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Inside the UK electricity market's four layers

From pilots to products — the year V2G grew up

Four commercial V2G offers went live in the EU before this V2G conference. The question in Münster was no longer whether V2G works — it was whether the infrastructure and regulation could keep up.

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From pilots to products — the year V2G grew up

How OCPP 2.1 and ISO 15118-20 enable V2G grid code implementations

Grid codes define what a V2G unit must do. OCPP 2.1 and ISO 15118-20 are how those rules actually travel, from a grid operator’s control room to the inverter inside your car.

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How OCPP 2.1 and ISO 15118-20 enable V2G grid code implementations

V2G Grid Codes - When your EV becomes a power plant

V2G turns your EV from a grid consumer into a generator. That changes which rules apply — and how they get communicated all the way from the grid operator to your car's inverter.

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Overview of certification requirements for EV and charger in AC V2G (Source: ElaadNL's V2G Implementation Guide 2025)

Grid codes, decoded — The EU rules that are finally coming for EV chargers

ACER is proposing the first dedicated grid connection rules for EVs and chargers — what FRT, LFSM-UC, and RoCoF mean in practice, and why the industry isn't waiting for Brussels to catch up.

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Grid codes, decoded — The EU rules that are finally coming for EV chargers

ISO 15118 is no longer the future — it is becoming reality

Highlights from an expert panel at Etrel's Re-Charging Days 2026 on ISO 15118 — regulation, interoperability, cybersecurity, and why V2G is the biggest long-term business case.

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Four panellists seated on stage at Etrel's Re-Charging Days 2026 in Ljubljana, with a fifth joining remotely on the projection screen behind them.

How EV chargers and the CPMS talk — A tech deep dive into smart charging

A message-by-message walkthrough of how ISO 15118-2 and OCPP 2.0.1 negotiate a smart charging session — using a VW ID.4 and real protocol payloads as the example.

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How EV chargers and the CPMS talk — A tech deep dive into smart charging

A clear guide to load management, phase rotation, and smart charging

Static vs dynamic load management, why phase rotation quietly makes or breaks a multi-charger site, and how OCPP 1.6 charging profiles lay the groundwork for smart charging.

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A clear guide to load management, phase rotation, and smart charging

From black box to glass box — Unlocking full charger visibility with OCPP 2.0.1 Device Model

OCPP 1.6 gives you a check-engine light. The OCPP 2.0.1 Device Model gives you the full OBD-II port — a structured, queryable model of everything inside a charging station.

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From black box to glass box — Unlocking full charger visibility with OCPP 2.0.1 Device Model

How a Plug & charge session actually works

The final chapter of the Plug & Charge series: what happens in the seconds after you plug in, from certificate verification and revocation checks to billing authorisation.

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How a Plug & charge session actually works

Preparing an EV for Plug & Charge — What really happens behind the scenes

From factory-installed trust anchors to the moment a contract certificate lands in your car: the provisioning journey that makes Plug & Charge possible before you ever plug in.

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Preparing an EV for Plug & Charge — What really happens behind the scenes

Trust is all you need — Inside the PKI that powers Plug & Charge

Digital certificates are just high-security ID cards. Here's how the chain of trust actually works, from a root CA down to the leaf certificate in your car.

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Trust is all you need — Inside the PKI that powers Plug & Charge

Inside Plug & Charge — The cryptographic architecture of seamless EV charging

How TLS, elliptic-curve cryptography, and digital signatures work together to make Plug & Charge both seamless and secure — explained without needing a cryptography degree.

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Inside Plug & Charge — The cryptographic architecture of seamless EV charging

Plug & charge — The technology, the ecosystem, and the road ahead of seamless charging

How Plug & Charge turns a contract certificate into an Apple-Pay-like charging experience — the trust model, the market roles behind it, and where adoption actually stands in 2025.

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Plug & charge — The technology, the ecosystem, and the road ahead of seamless charging

Behind the plug — Inside the web of cloud connections behind every charging session

Part 3 of Behind the Plug: how OCPP connects the charger to the cloud, how OCPI powers roaming across networks, and how DSOs and PKI operators keep the whole chain balanced and secure.

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Behind the plug — Inside the web of cloud connections behind every charging session

Behind the plug — What really happens when your EV talks to the charger

The EV and the charger start talking before a single electron flows — from the analogue PWM handshake on the Control Pilot wire to ISO 15118 and DIN SPEC 70121 digital communication.

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Behind the plug — What really happens when your EV talks to the charger

Behind the plug — Who's who in the EV charging ecosystem

The first issue of Current Affairs — meeting the market roles working behind the scenes of every charging session, from the CPO and MSP to the DSO and PKI operator.

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Behind the plug — Who's who in the EV charging ecosystem